![]() In many cases the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its Dutch forebear. Williams in Origins of the English Language it is estimated that about 1% of English words are of Dutch origin. This is an incomplete list of Dutch expressions used in English some are relatively common (e.g. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Meaning "English language or literature as a subject at school" is from 1889.This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. ![]() and persisted in Scotland and northern England, and Ingland and Yngelond were used for "England" in Middle English, but the older spelling has stood fast. ![]() In pronunciation, "En-" has become "In-," perhaps through the frequency of -ing- words and the relative rarity of -e- before -ng- in the modern language. when Scots & others are likely to be within earshot, Britain & British should be inserted as tokens, but no more, of what is really meant 1300) it still could retain a sense of "Anglian" and be distinguished from "Saxon" ("Þe englisse in þe norþ half, þe saxons bi souþe"). But as late as Robert of Gloucester's "Chronicle" (c. After 1066, it specifically meant the native population of England (as distinguished from Normans and French occupiers), a distinction which lasted about a generation. "The name English for the language is thus older than the name England for the country". Technically "of the Angles," but Englisc also was used from earliest times without distinction for all the Germanic invaders - Angles, Saxon, Jutes (Bede's gens Anglorum) - and applied to their group of related languages by Alfred the Great. Cognates: Dutch Engelsch, German Englisch, Danish Engelsk, French Anglais (Old French Engelsche), Spanish Inglés, Italian Inglese. The use of the word in Middle English was reinforced by Anglo-French Engleis. "the people of England the speech of England," noun use of Old English adjective Englisc (contrasted to Denisc, Frencisce, etc.), "of or pertaining to the Angles," from Engle (plural) "the Angles," the name of one of the Germanic groups that overran the island 5c., supposedly so-called because Angul, the land they inhabited on the Jutland coast, was shaped like a fish hook (see angle (n.)). Old Light (adj.), in religion, "favoring the old faith or principles," is by 1819. Old days "former times" is from late Old English good old days, "former times conceived as better than the present," sometimes ironic, is by 1670s. Old man "man who has lived long" is from late Old English the sense of "husband, father, boss" is from 1854, earlier (1830) it was military slang for "commanding officer " old boy as a familiar form of address is by c. 1775 (but compare Old English seo ealde hlæfdige "the queen dowager"). Old lady "wife, mother" is attested from c. Old age "period of life of advanced years" is from early 14c. ![]() As an intensive, "great, high," mid-15c., now only following another adjective ( gay old time, good old Charlie Brown). Sense of "pertaining to or characteristic of the earlier or earliest of two or more stages of development or periods of time" is from late Old English. Meaning "of a specified age" ( three days old) is from late Old English. Old English also had fyrn "ancient," which is related to Old English feor "far, distant" (see far, and compare Gothic fairneis, Old Norse forn "old, of old, of former times," Old High German firni "old, experienced"). Greek also had arkhaios, literally "belonging to the beginning," which parallels French ancien, used mostly with reference to things "of former times." Greek geraios was used mostly of humans palaios was used mostly of things, of persons only in a derogatory sense. Latin senex was used of aged living things, mostly persons, while vetus (literally "having many years") was used of inanimate things. ![]() new), and some have separate words for aged persons as opposed to old things. A few Indo-European languages distinguish words for "old" (vs. The usual PIE root is *sen- (see senior (adj.)). The original comparative and superlative (elder, eldest) are retained in particular uses. Old English ald (Anglian), eald (West Saxon, Kentish) "antique, of ancient origin, belonging to antiquity, primeval long in existence or use near the end of the normal span of life elder, mature, experienced," from Proto-Germanic *althaz "grown up, adult" (source also of Old Frisian ald, Gothic alþeis, Dutch oud, German alt), originally a past-participle stem of a verb meaning "grow, nourish" (compare Gothic alan "to grow up," Old Norse ala "to nourish"), from PIE root *al- (2) "to grow, nourish." The original Old English vowel is preserved in Scots auld, also in alderman. ![]()
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